Intra-Oral Factors Influencing Halitosis in Young Women

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this research was to determine intra-oral factors that affect halitosis in young women. METHODS: This study was performed between March 2014 to May 2014, and included 35 women in their 20s with good oral health. Correlation and logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the change in halitosis immediately, and 1 hour after scaling. RESULTS: In both oral gas (OG) and extraoral gas (EG) groups, halitosis was reduced after scaling compared to before scaling. The logistic regression analysis of oral state factors in OG showed that as oral fluid [odds ratio (OR) = 0.792, p = 0.045] and dental plaque (OR = 0.940, p = 0.016) decreased by 1 unit, the OR in the OG group decreased (> 50). In addition, as glucose levels in the oral cavity (OR = 1.245, p = 0.075) and tongue coating index (OR = 2.912, p = 0.064) increased by 1 unit, the OR in the OG group increased (> 50). Furthermore, in the EG group, as oral fluid (OR = 0.66, p = 0.01) and dental plaque (OR = 0.95, p = 0.04) decreased, the OR in the EG group decreased (> 50) significantly. CONCLUSION: To control halitosis, it is necessary to increase oral fluid and decrease the amount of tongue plaque. Furthermore, maintaining a healthy oral environment, aided by regular scaling and removal of dental plaque, may significantly control halitosis.

A Case of Cholecysto-gastro-colonic Fistula with Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding / 대한소화기학회지

Biliary enteric fistula is an abnormal pathway often caused by biliary disease. It is difficult to diagnose the disease because patients have nonspecific symptoms. A 67-year-old woman presented with hematemesis and melena. She was diagnosed with Dieulafoy lesion on the gastric antrum and underwent endoscopic hemostasis using hemoclips. Follow-up upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed an abnormal opening on a previous treated site that was suggestive of biliary enteric fistula. Abdomen simple X-ray and abdominal dynamic CT scan showed pneumobilia and cholecysto-gastric fistula. The patient had cholecystectomy and wedge resection of the gastric antrum, followed by right extended hemicolectomy because of severe adhesive lesion between the gallbladder and colon. She was diagnosed with cholecysto-gastro-colic fistula postoperatively. We report on this case and give a brief review of the literatures.

A Study on the Stress Distribution of Tooth/Implant Connected with Konus Telescope Denture Using 3-Dimensional Finite Element Method / 대한치과보철학회지

PURPOSE: For decades dental implants have been used widely in the field of prosthetic dentistry. However there is confusion when establishing treatment plans in cases where some teeth are remained but an insufficient number of implants can be used due to limited anatomical status and ecomomical problems. Many clinicians have tried to connect natural teeth and implants, and it still has controversy. But, there have been few studies on mechanical analysis of connecting natural teeth and implants with konus telescopic removable partial dentures. The purpose of this study was to analyze the stress distribution of prosthesis, abutment and alveolar bone when teeth and implants were connected with the konus telescopic denture, by means of 3-dimensional finite element analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The assumption of this study was that there were 2 mandibular canine (11 mm in length, 4 mm in diameter) and 2 implants(10 mm in length, 4 mm in diameter) which are located in the second premolar region. The mandible, teeth, implants, abutments, and connectors are modeled, and analyzed with the commercial software, ANSYS Version 8.1(Swanson, Inc., USA). The control group used implants instead of natural teeth. 21038 elements, 23544 nodes were used in experimental group and 107595 elements, 21963 nodes were used in control group, Stress distribution was evaluated under 150 N vertical load on 3 experimental conditions - between teeth and implants (Load case 1), posterior to implants (Load case 2), between natural teeth (Load case 3). RESULTS: 1. In all load cases, higher von mises stress value was observed in the experimental group. 2. Maximum von miss stress observed in all load cases and all locations were as follows ; a. 929.44 Mpa in the experimental group, 640.044 Mpa in the control group in outer crown and connector - The experimental group showed 1.45 times high value compared with the control group. b. 145,051 Mpa in the experimental group, 142.338 Mpa in the control group in abutment - The experimental group showed 1.02times high value compared with the control group. c. 32.489 Mpa in the experimental group, 25.765 Mpa in the control group in alveolar bone - The experimental group showed 1.26times higher value compared with the control group. 3. All maximum von mises stress was observed in load case 2, and maxim von mises stress in alveolar bone was 32.489 Mpa at which implant failure cannot occur. 4. If maximum von mises stress is compared between two groups, the value of the experimental group is 1.02 times higher than the control group in abutment, 1.26 times higher than the control group in alveolar bone. CONCLUSION: If natural teeth and implants are connected with the konus telescopic denture, maximum stress will be similar in abutment, 1.26 times higher in alveolar bone than the control group. With this result, there may be possible to make to avoid konus telescopic dentures where natural teeth and implants exist together.

A Case of Acute Lung Injury Caused by Tetrafluoroethylene Inhalation / 결핵및호흡기질환

Tetrafluoroethylene is a colorless gas that can be used to synthesize a variety of fluoride compounds by polymerization (e.g., Teflon). Fluoride compounds have many applications in industry. There are several reports of inhalation injury from the pyrolytic product of fluoride compounds. When the polymer is heated under the conditions of inadequate ventilation, the fumes can cause polymer fume fever or pulmonary edema which manifested as symptoms such as fever, chill, profuse sweating, cough and dyspnea. However there are no reports of a direct lung injury caused by tetrafluoroethylene. We report a case of a 27-year-old male presented with acute lung injury after inhaling concentrated tetrafluoroethylene. He complained of cough and dyspnea after the accidental inhalation of tetrfluoroethylene at his workplace. The symptoms improved without any complications after conservative treatment with oxygen and steroid.

Use of Septal Extension Grafts in Nasal Tip Plasty / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Nasal tip plasty is one of the most important and difficult part of rhinoplasty. Controlling the projection, shape and rotation of nasal tip is a difficult procedure especially in Asians who have a thick skin and weak cartilages. The purpose of our study is to investigate the usefulness of septal extension graft (SEG) in controlling the tip shape. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: We retrospectively studied 20 patients who underwent rhinoplasty including tip surgery with SEG. Five patients were operated by transcolumellar open approach and 15 patients by intranasal approach. Columellar strut was used together with SEG in all patients to control the tip projection. The result of surgery was evaluated by comparing nasal measurements on photographs taken preoperatively and postoperatively. Doctor's and patient's satisfaction were investigated after minimal 6 months later using visual analogue scale. All results were statistically tested. RESULTS: The increment of tip projection was 10% in males and 5% in females and the increment of nasolabial angle were 4.4degrees in males and 8.1degrees in females. Most of the patients showed prominent tip projection and good cosmetic results. However, some patients complained indurations of upper caudal septum. CONCLUSION: SEGs are a reliable method of controlling tip projection and rotation in patients who need prominent tip projection.

A Case of Multiple Vasculitis and Stroke due to Sphenoid Sinusitis / 대한이비인후과학회지

Sinogenic intracranial complications are rare but serious conditions. Sometimes, the diagnosis is delayed because the initial symptoms of sphenoid sinuses intracranial complications are not remarkable especially when they are of sphenoid sinus origin. Deep location of the sphenoid sinuses places them adjacent to the dura mater, major intracranial vessels, and some cranial nerves. Therefore, delayed diagnosis of the sphenoid sinusitis and its complications can make disastrous results. We experienced a 55 year old female patient who developed fulminant meningitis, vasculitis, and a stroke due to vasculitis as a complication of sphenoid sinusitis. We review the case and related articles.

Frontal Sinusitis Related to Anatomic Variations / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The frontal recess is the drainage pathway for the frontal sinus and its boundaries are formed by adjacent structures: they include agger nasi (anterior wall), medial orbital wall (lateral wall), ethmoid bulla/agger nasi (lateral wall), ground lamella (posterior wall), and anterior ethmoid air cells (posterosuperior). It is known that the drainage of the frontal recess is influenced by anatomic variants (agger nasi cell, frontal cells, supraorbital cell, intersinus septal cell, and attachment type of uncinate process). Because of its complex anatomy, the frontal sinus has been a difficult area in which to obtain consistently good long-term surgical results. SUBJECTIVES AND METHOD: To show the prevalence of anatomic variants and the relationship between the variants and frontal sinusitis, we analyzed the coronal and axial computed tomography of 225 patients, and 450 side sinuses (from 2001-6-1 to 2002-12-31). RESULTS: Frontal cells are observed in 176 cases (40.1%), agger nasi cell in 380 cases (84.8%), supraorbital cell in 17 cases (3.8%), and intersinus septal cell in 19 cases (11%). In the attachment type of the uncinate process, the lamellar type was seen in 272 cases (60.2%), the skull base type in 171 cases (26%), and the middle turbinate type in 62 cases (13.8%). The frontal sinusitis were seen in 8 cases (88.9%) among the type IV frontal cell group (9 cases) and in 149 cases (39.1%) among the agger nasi group. CONCLUSION: Relatively higher prevalence of anatomic variants was seen. The type IV frontal cells and agger nasi cells were significantly related to the frontal sinusitis.

The Inhibitory Mechanism of N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl) Retinamide on Prostaglandin E2 Synthesis in Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Line / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: It is well known that Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is the most predominant prostaglandin in squamous cell carcinoma and that PGE2 synthesis is suppressed by retinoid. The purpose of this study was to confirm whether (N-4-Hydroxyphenyl) retinamide (N-4-HPR) suppressed PGE2 synthesis, and investigate its inhibitory mechanism on PGE2 synthesis in squamous cell carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHOD: MDA 886Ln was used as the squamous cell carcinoma cell line. We evaluated the effects of four retinoids (all-trans-RA, 13-cis-RA, retinyl acetate, and N-4-HPR) on PGE2 synthesis: the effect of N-4-HPR concentration on PGE2 synthesis and Cox-2 mRNA, the effect of N-4-HPR on Cox-2 protein, and the effect of N-4-HPR on the cyclooxygenase activity. RESULTS: Among the four retinoids, N-4-HPR was the most potent suppressor of PGE2 synthesis. N-4-HPR suppressed PGE2 synthesis, but N-4-HPR did not suppress Cox-2 mRNA or Cox-2 protein. Cyclooxygenase activity was suppressed by N-4-HPR. CONCLUSION: With these results, we suggest that the inhibitory mechanism of N-4-HPR on the PGE2 synthesis may be suppression of the cyclooxygenase activity, and Cox-2 mRNA and protein were not suppressed by N-4-HPR.

Spectrophotometric analysis of the influence of metal substrate on the color of ceramic / 대한치과보철학회지

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Metal-ceramic restorations have been used extensively by dental clinicians for nearly 40 years. Strength an functional ability of metal-ceramic restorations are proved to be satisfying, However esthetics and biocompatibility of metal alloy which is used in metal-ceramic restoration is not ideal. Using pure gold as an alternative, have advantage of esthetics, biocompatibility over conventional metal alloy. But there had been little article which studied on the color effect of pure gold on final porcelain color. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to spectrophotometrically evaluate the difference between color of metal alloy(Au-Pt, Ni-Cr) and pure gold, during color masking procedure with opaque porcelain and to analyze the differences. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Three types of metal-base metal(Ni-Cr), high gold alloy(Au-Pt), pure gold(GES)-specimen were fabricated 1cm in diameter. Four steps were established-after finishing, after pre-coditioning, after application of first opaque porcelain(0.08mm in thickness), after application of second opaque porcelain(0.15mm in thickness)- and tested color with spectrophotometer every each steps and analyzed with CIEL* a* b* color order system. One-Way ANOVA test was used to find out if there were significant differences between groups tested and Shaffe multiple comparison was used to identify where the differences were. RESULTS: 1. After finishing and pre-conditioning, pure gold(GES) group showed most high values in L*, a*, b*. 2. After application of first opaque porcelain(0.08mm in thickness), after appllication of second opaque porcelain(0.15mm in thickness), pure gold(GES) group showed the least difference in L*, a*, b* values and the lowest .E value(.E=0.63). 3. After application of first opaque porcelain and after application of second opaque porcelain differences that were significant (P< 0.05) between groups were found only in a values. 4. Base metal alloy group showed the lowest a value in test after application of first opaque porcelain and the highest value in test after application of first opaque porcelain. CONCLUSION: Pure gold group and high gold group showed higher a values than base metal group when tested after 0.08mm thickness of opaque porcelain was applied and pure gold group showed much similar L*, a*, b* values between 0.08mm thickness and 0.15mm thickness of opaque porcelain. This meant that pure gold was more easily masked by opaque porcelain than the other two groups.